Conjunction & Interjection

Conjunction

Conjunction is a word which joins together sentences and sometimes words.
Conjunction का काम दो शब्दों या दो वाक्यों को जोड़ने का होता है।

Kinds of Conjunction – There are 2 types of conjunction:

  1. Co-ordinate Conjunction
  2. Sub-ordinate Conjunction

Co-ordinate Conjunction
This conjunction joins together clauses of equal rank. ये conjunction समान पदीय उपवाक्यों को जोड़ते है। For example –Sharks swim and parrots fly.
इस वाक्य मे ‘Shark Swim’ और ‘Parrots Fly’ दो समान पदीय उपवाक्य है जो ‘And’ conjunction से जोड़े गये है।

Co-ordinate Conjunction are of 4 types –

  1. Cumulative Conjunction – ये conjunction दो कथनो को एक दूसरे से जोड़ते है। For example :- And, Both—and, As well as, Not only…but also.
    Deepika is not only beautiful but also intelligent.
  2. Adversative Conjunction – दो परस्पर विरोधी भाव रखने वाले कथनो को जोड़ते है वे Adversative Conjunction कहलाते है।
    But, Yet, Still, Only
    The movie was slow but it was interesting.
  3. Alternative Conjunction – ये दो विकल्पो में से एक को चुनने का बोध कराते है।  For example : –Or, Otherwise, Either..Or, Neither…Nor
    Make haste otherwise you will miss the bus.
  4. Illative Conjunction – ऐसे conjunction जो किसी बात का परिणाम घोषित करते है। For example – For, Therefore, So
    Amir Khan works hard for movie therefore he gets success every time.

Sub-ordinate Conjunction
Sub-ordinate Conjunction joins a clause to principal clause on which it depends for its full meaning.  Sub-ordinate Conjunction सहायक उपवाक्य को मुख्य उपवाक्य से जोड़ने का काम करते है।

For example –
Shivani said that she loves to watch movie.
इस वाक्य में ‘That’ conjunction मुख्य वाक्य ‘Shivani said’ को सहायक उपवाक्य ‘she loves to watch movie’ से जोड़ रहा है।

Following are the type of Sub-ordinate Conjunction –

  1. Time Denoting (समय सूचक)
    As soon as the movie released, the tickets sold out.
  2. Place Denoting (स्थान सूचक)
    This is the place where Gandhi ji was born.
  3. Condition Denoting (शर्त सूचक)
    If you jump on the ground, you will get hurt.
  4. Cause Denoting (कारण सूचक)
    He failed because he did not work hard.
  5. Purpose Denoting (उद्देशय सूचक)
    Walk properly lest you should fall.
  6. Comparison Denoting (तुलना सूचक)
    I like Salman as much as I like Amir.
  7. Contrast Denoting (विरोध सूचक)
    Although he earns good money yet he has nothing.
  8. Result Denoting (परिणाम सूचक)
    She is so poor that she cannot pay her fee.
  9. Manner Denoting (तरीका सूचक)
    She will do as I like.

Interjection

An Interjection is a word which expresses some sudden feeling or emotion.
जो शब्द हर्ष , विस्मय , घृणा  आदि भावों की अभिव्यक्ति करते है उन्हें Interjection कहते है। For example:

Feeling The word which is used to express
Sorrow Alas !, Oh !, Ah !
Surprise What ! , Ha !
Hatred Shame !
Joy Hurrah !
Attention Look !
Courage Bravo ! , Weldone !
Welcome Hail ! Hail !
Mercy Good Heavens !
Departure Farewell ! , Goodbye !

Here are some examples:

  • Hurrah ! India won the world cup.
  • Bravo ! You have done well.
  • Alas ! I am ruined.
  • Hail ! Hail ! Here comes our President.