Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary Verbs are also known as Helping Verbs. The most common Auxiliary Verbs are

  • Have
  • Do
  • Be

Have

Have is used as an auxiliary verb. For example –

  • वह जा चुका है।
    He has gone.
  • दीपिका ये किताब पढ़ चुकी थी।
    Deepika had read this book.

जब Have क्रिया Main Verb या मुख्य क्रिया के रूप में प्रयोग की जाती है तो वह दो महत्वपूर्ण भूमिकाओं का निर्वाहन करती है।

  1. Use of Have as “To Possess” –For example –मेरे पास एक फ्लैट है।
    I have a flat.मुझे भगवान पर पूरा विश्वास है।
    I have firm faith in God.
  2. Use of Have as “To Receive” –For example –उसने होटल में नाश्ता किया।
    He had breakfast in hotel.क्या उसके सिर में बहुत दर्द है ?
    Does he have a severe headache?

Note:

In present tense for singular subject “has” is used and for I, We, You, They and plural subject – Have is used. The past tense of has or have is had.

Use of Have in Future Tense –

  • क्या आप चाय लेंगे?
    Will you have tea?
  • हम पार्क में बहुत मज़ा करेंगे।
    We shall have a great fun in park.

 

Do

The verb ‘Do’ is used as main verb and as auxiliary verb. It is often used in questions.

Use of Do as main verb –

In Present Tense – In present tense, do and does are used according to the subject.

Subject Verb
They, You, I , We , Plural Do
He , She, It, Name, Singular Does


For example –

  • मैं अपना काम करता है।
    I do my work.

In Past Tense – In past tense, do verb is used in 2nd form i.e. Did.

Subject Verb
They, You, I , We , Plural Did
He , She, It, Name, Singular


For example –

  • दीपिका ने फिल्म में बहुत अच्छा काम किया।
    Deepika did great job in movie.

In Past Participle – In past participle, do verb is used as ‘done’.

Subject Verb
They, You, I , We , Plural Done
He , She, It, Name, Singular


For example –

  • उसने अपना काम समय से पहले कर लिया।
    He has done his work before time.

In Present Continuous, Gerund, Present Participle – In past participle, do verb is used as ‘doing’.

Subject Verb
They, You, I , We , Plural Doing
He , She, It, Name, Singular
  • For example –In Present Continuous
    मैं अपना काम कर रहा हूँ।
    I am doing my work.
  • For example – In Gerund
    काम करना अच्छा है।
    Doing work is really good.
  • For example – In Present Participle
    मैने अपने पुत्र को कार्य करते देखा।
    I saw my son doing his work.

Use of Do as auxiliary verb –  The verb is used as auxiliary verb when we use it in negative and interrogative sentences.

For example –

  • उसने खाना नहीं खाया।
    He did not eat the food.
  • क्या वह क्रिकेट खेलता है?
    Does he play cricket?

Be

Be is a helping verb which helps other verbs to make tense. It has different forms.

Tense Subject Form Example
Simple Present I, You, He, She, It, They, We Is, Are, Am I am a teacher.

You are cute.

He is amazing.

Simple Past I, You, He, She, It, They, We Was, Were He was my employee.

They were here yesterday.

Simple Future I, You, He, She, It, They, We Will be, Shall be I shall be a doctor.

He will be late.

Progressive Form I, You, He, She, It, They, We Being It is being dark.
Perfect Form I, You, He, She, It, They, We Been It has been fun.

 

Note: Be क्रिया अपूर्ण क्रिया है यह अपना अर्थ पूरा करने के लिए Complement (पूरक ) लेती है।